JRI 

Repeated Implantation Failures Following Embryo Transfer

Vol. 8, Issue 4, / January-March 2008
(pages 380-396)

Saeed Zarei
1- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Soheila Arefi
1- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
2- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Amir Hassan Zarnani
1- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
Afsaneh Mohammadzadeh
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Maerefat Ghaffari
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani Corresponding Author
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran

Received: 1/1/2008 Accepted: 1/1/2008 - Publisher : Avicenna Research Institute

Related Articles
in Google Scholar
in PubMed

 

Other Format
pdfFull Text (En)
pdfFull Text (Fa)
pdfAbstract (En)
pdfAbstract (Fa)
pdfePUB (En)
pdfBibTeX
pdfRefMan
pdfEndNote
xmlPMC XML
online readerPMC Reader
online readerHBIs XML

 


Abstract

In spite of the great deal of research in assisted reproductive techniques, more than 80% of transferred embryos by IVF/ICSI methods fail to be implanted. The causes for repeated implantation failures (RIF) may be reduced endometrial receptivity or other various uterine pathologies, such as thin endometrium, altered expression of adhesive molecules or immuno-logical factors; whereas genetic abnormalities of male or female individuals, sperm defects, embryonic aneuploidy or zona hardening are other etiologies for implantation failures. Clinically, endometriosis, polycystic ovaries and hydrosalpinx may decrease implantation following embryo transfer due to dual disorders in the quality of embryos or endometrium. In this study, probable causes and methods of evaluation for RIF patients have been reviewed and the suggested methods for their treatment, including myomectomy, endometrial stimulation, immunotherapy, hysteroscopy, preimplantation genetic screening (PGS), assisted hatching, zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT), co-culture, blastocyst transfer, cytoplasmic transfer, tailoring stimulation proto-cols, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and salpingectomy for hydrosalpinges have been discussed.


Keywords: Repeated implantation failure, Embryo transfer, IVF/ ICSI, Hydrosalpinx


To cite this article:


References

  1. Andersen AN, Gianaroli L, Felberbaum R, de Mouzon J, Nygren KG. Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2001. Results generated from European regis-ters by ESHRE. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(5):1158-76.   [PubMed]
  2. Taheripanah R, Karimzadeh Meybodi MA, Aflatoonian A, Amirarjmand MH. Does Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Overcome the Reduce of Fertilization Rate by Increasing Maternal Age? J Reprod Infertil.1999;1(1):24-30.
  3. Esmaeil Zadeh S, Jorsaraei Gh.A, Farsi M, Haji Ahmadi M, Rezaei N. Effect of age of women on fertility rate in IVF cycles. J Babol Univ Med. 2003;5(4):22-6.   [Abstract]
  4. Farhi J, Ben-Haroush A, Dresler H, Pinkas H, Sapir O, Fisch B. Male factor infertility, low fertilisation rate following ICSI and low number of high-quality embryos are associated with high order recurrent implantation failure in young IVF patients. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan. 2008;87(1):76-80.   [PubMed]
  5. Raziel A, Friedler S, Schachter M, Kasterstein E, Strassburger D, Ron-El R. Increased frequency of fe-male partner chromosomal abnormalities in patients with high-order implantation failure after in vitro ferti-lization. Fertil Steril. 2002;78(3):515-9.   [PubMed]
  6. Stern C, Chamley L, Norris H, Hale L, Baker HW. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of heparin and aspirin for women with in vitro fertiliza-tion implantation failure and antiphospholipid or anti-nuclear antibodies. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(2):376-83.   [PubMed]
  7. Tan BK, Vandekerckhove P, Kennedy R, Keay SD. Investigation and current management of recurrent IVF treatment failure in the UK. BJOG. 2005;112(6):773-80.   [PubMed]
  8. Oliveira FG, Abdelmassih VG, Diamond MP, Dozort-sev D, Nagy ZP, Abdelmassih R. Uterine cavity find-ings and hysteroscopic interventions in patients under-going in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer who repeat-edly cannot conceive. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(6):1371-5.   [PubMed]
  9. Tourgeman DE, Slater CC, Stanczyk FZ, Paulson RJ. Endocrine and clinical effects of micronized estradiol administered vaginally or orally. Fertil Steril. 2001;75 (1):200-2.   [PubMed]
  10. de Klerk C, Macklon NS, Heijnen EM, Eijkemans MJ, Fauser BC, Passchier J, et al. The psychological impact of IVF failure after two or more cycles of IVF with a mild versus standard treatment strategy. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(9):2554-8.   [PubMed]
  11. Margalioth EJ, Ben-Chetrit A, Gal M, Eldar-Geva T. Investigation and treatment of repeated implantation failure following IVF-ET. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(12): 3036-43.   [PubMed]
  12. Tarlatzis BC, Toncheva DI, Vatev IT. Significance of chromosomal aberrations for the unsuccessful proce-dures of assisted reproduction. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2000;88(2):181-7.   [PubMed]
  13. Rubio C, Gil-Salom M, Simon C, Vidal F, Rodrigo L, Minguez Y, et al. Incidence of sperm chromosomal abnormalities in a risk population: relationship with sperm quality and ICSI outcome. Hum Reprod. 2001; 16(10):2084-92.   [PubMed]
  14. Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Munne S, Fiorentino A, Mon-tanaro N, Ferraretti AP. Will preimplantation genetic diagnosis assist patients with a poor prognosis to achieve pregnancy?. Hum Reprod. 1997;12(8):1762-7.   [PubMed]
  15. Pehlivan T, Rubio C, Rodrigo L, Romero J, Remohi J, Simon C, et al. Impact of preimplantation genetic diag-nosis on IVF outcome in implantation failure patients. Reprod Biomed Online. 2003;6(2):232-7.   [PubMed]
  16. Pagidas K, Ying Y, Keefe D. Predictive value of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy screen-ing in repeated IVF-ET cycles among women with recurrent implantation failure. J Assis Reprod Gen. 2008;25(2-3):103-6.   [PubMed]
  17. Platteau P, Staessen C, Michiels A, Van Steirteghem A, Liebaers I, Devroey P. Which patients with recur-rent implantation failure after IVF benefit from PGD for aneuploidy screening?. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006;12(3):334-9.   [PubMed]
  18. Voullaire L, Wilton L, McBain J, Callaghan T, Willi-amson R. Chromosome abnormalities identified by comparative genomic hybridization in embryos from women with repeated implantation failure. Mol Hum Reprod. 2002;8(11):1035-41.   [PubMed]
  19. دهقاني اشكذري محمود، کلانتر سيدمهدي، پريور کاظم، افلاطونيان عباس. كاربرد آزمايش واكنش آكروزومي در پيش‌بيني لقاح خارج رحمي دانشگاه علوم پزشکي و خدمات بهداشتي درماني شهيد صدوقي يزد. 1384;13(4)، صفحات: 76-81.
  20. Nasr-Esfahani MH, Tavalaee M, Razavi Sh. Effects of Spermiogenic Defects on Fertilization and Pregnancy Rate in IVF Patients.Yakhteh. 2007;9(2):103-10.   [Abstract]
  21. Nasr Esfahani MH, Razavi SH, Mardani M, Mafi A, Moghaddam A, Tofigh S. The effect of sperm chromatin anomalies on pronucleus different size after IVF and ICSI. J Reprod Infertil.2003;4(2):135-45.
  22. Cohen J, Alikani M, Trowbridge J, Rosenwaks Z. Im-plantation enhancement by selective assisted hatching using zona drilling of human embryos with poor prog-nosis. Hum Reprod. 1992;7(5):685-91.   [PubMed]
  23. Schiewe MC, Hazeleger NL, Sclimenti C, Balmaceda JP. Physiological characterization of blastocyst hatch-ing mechanisms by use of a mouse antihatching model. Fertil Steril. 1995;63(2):288-94.   [PubMed]
  24. Mandelbaum J. The effects of assisted hatching on the hatching process and implantation. Hum Reprod. 1996; 11 Suppl 1:43-50.   [PubMed]
  25. De Vos A, Van Steirteghem A. Zona hardening, zona drilling and assisted hatching: new achievements in assisted reproduction. Cells Tissues Organs. 2000;166 (2):220-7.   [PubMed]
  26. Kilani SS, Cooke S, Kan AK, Chapman MG. Do age and extended culture affect the architecture of the zona pellucida of human oocytes and embryos?. Zygote. 2006;4(1):39-44.   [PubMed]
  27. Fehilly CB, Cohen J, Simons RF, Fishel SB, Edwards RG. Cryopreservation of cleaving embryos and ex-panded blastocysts in the human: a comparative study. Fertil Steril. 1985;44(5):638-44.   [PubMed]
  28. Cohen J. Assisted hatching of human embryos. J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf. 1991;8(4):179-90.   [PubMed]
  29. Cohen J, Inge KL, Suzman M, Wiker SR, Wright G. Videocinematography of fresh and cryopreserved embryos: a retrospective analysis of embryonic mor-phology and implantation. Fertil Steril. 1989;51(5): 820-7.   [PubMed]
  30. Salim R, Miel J, Savvas M, Lee C, Jurkovic D. A comparative study of glycodelin concentrations in uterine flushings in women with subseptate uteri, histo-ry of unexplained recurrent miscarriage and healthy controls. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007;133 (1):76-80.   [PubMed]
  31. Duquesnay R, Wright C, Aziz AA, Stamp GW, Trew GH, Margara RA, et al. Infertile women with isolated polycystic ovaries are deficient in endometrial expres-sion of osteopontin but not alphavbeta3 integrin during the implantation window. Fertil Steril. 2008;17.   [PubMed]
  32. Tei C, Maruyama T, Kuji N, Miyazaki T, Mikami M, Yoshimura Y. Reduced expression of alphavbeta3 integrin in the endometrium of unexplained infertility patients with recurrent IVF-ET failures: improvement by danazol treatment. J Assisted Reprod Gen. 2003; 20(1):13-20.   [PubMed]
  33. Thomas K, Thomson A, Wood S, Kingsland C, Vince G, Lewis-Jones I. Endometrial integrin expression in women undergoing in vitro fertilization and the asso-ciation with subsequent treatment outcome. Fertil Steril 2003;80(3):502-7.   [PubMed]
  34. Horcajadas JA, Pellicer A, Simon C. Wide genomic analysis of human endometrial receptivity: new times, new opportunities. Hum Reprod Update. 2007;13(1): 77-86.   [PubMed]
  35. Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim KC, Lee WD, Kim H, Kim SH. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and its receptor-1 in a luteal endometrium in patients with repeated in vitro fertilization failure. Fertil Steril. 2008; 22.   [PubMed]
  36. Ledee-Bataille N, Bonnet-Chea K, Hosny G, Duban-chet S, Frydman R, Chaouat G. Role of the endometrial tripod interleukin-18, -15, and -12 in inadequate ute-rine receptivity in patients with a history of repeated in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer failure. Fertil Steril. 2005;83(3):598-605.   [PubMed]
  37. Inagaki N, Stern C, McBain J, Lopata A, Kornman L, Wilkinson D. Analysis of intra-uterine cytokine con-centration and matrix-metalloproteinase activity in women with recurrent failed embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 2003;18(3):608-15.   [PubMed]
  38. Brosens J, Verhoeven H, Campo R, Gianaroli L, Gordts S, Hazekamp J, et al. High endometrial aroma-tase P450 mRNA expression is associated with poor IVF outcome. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(2):352-6.   [PubMed]
  39. Pantos K, Nikas G, Makrakis E, Stavrou D, Karantzis P, Grammatis M. Clinical value of endometrial pino-podes detection in artificial donation cycles. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004;9(1):86-90.   [PubMed]
  40. Merce LT, Barco MJ, Bau S, Troyano J. Are endomet-rial parameters by three-dimensional ultrasound and power Doppler angiography related to in vitro fertiliza-tion/embryo transfer outcome?. Fertil Steril. 2008;-89(1):111-7.   [PubMed]
  41. Piver P. Uterine factors limiting ART coverage. J Gyn Obstet Biol Reprod. 2005;34(7 Pt 2):5S30-5S3.   [PubMed]
  42. Arefi S, Soltanghoraee H, Zarnani A, Sadeghpour Tabaei A, Ghafarri Novin M, Zeraati H, et al. Repeated IVF/ICSI-ETs failures and impact of hysteroscopy. Iranian J Reprod Med. 2008;6(1):19-24.
  43. Schiano A, Jourdain O, Papaxanthos A, Hocke C, Horovitz J, Dallay D. The value of hysteroscopy after repeated implantation failures with in vitro fertiliza-tion. Contracep Fertil Sex. 1999;27(2):129-32.   [PubMed]
  44. عارفی سهيلا، سلطان قرائی هاله، آخوندی محمد مهدي، جدی تهرانی محمود، صادق پورطبائی علي، زراعتی حجت، تخمه‌چی ريحانه. ارزش هیستروسکوپی در بیماران مبتلا به شکست مکرر در IVF. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران. 1377;64(7)، صفحات: 82-6.
  45. Cowchock FS, Reece EA, Balaban D, Branch DW, Plouffe L. Repeated fetal losses associated with anti-phospholipid antibodies: a collaborative randomized trial comparing prednisone with low-dose heparin treatment. Am J Obstet Gynocol. 1992;166(5):1318-23.   [PubMed]
  46. Gleicher N, Liu HC, Dudkiewicz A, Rosenwaks Z, Kaberlein G, Pratt D, et al. Autoantibody profiles and immunoglobulin levels as predictors of in vitro fertili-zation success. Am J Obstet Gynocol. 1994;170(4): 1145-9.   [PubMed]
  47. Azem F, Many A, Ben Ami I, Yovel I, Amit A, Lessing JB, et al. Increased rates of thrombophilia in women with repeated IVF failures. Hum Reprod. 2004; 19(2):368-70.   [PubMed]
  48. Qublan HS, Eid SS, Ababneh HA, Amarin ZO, Smadi AZ, Al-Khafaji FF, et al. Acquired and inherited thrombophilia: implication in recurrent IVF and embryo transfer failure. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(10): 2694-8.   [PubMed]
  49. Grandone E, Colaizzo D, Lo Bue A, Checola MG, Cittadini E, Margaglione M. Inherited thrombophilia and in vitro fertilization implantation failure. Fertil Steril. 2001;76(1):201-2.   [PubMed]
  50. Martinelli I, Taioli E, Ragni G, Levi-Setti P, Passa-monti SM, Battaglioli T, et al. Embryo implantation after assisted reproductive procedures and maternal thrombophilia. Haematol. 2003;88(7):789-93.   [PubMed]
  51. Coulam CB, Jeyendran RS, Fishel LA, Roussev R. Multiple thrombophilic gene mutations are risk factors for implantation failure. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006; 12(3):322-7.   [PubMed]
  52. Putowski L, Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Rolinski J, Oles-zczuk J, Jakowicki J. The immunological profile of infertile women after repeated IVF failure (preliminary study). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004;112 (2):192-6.   [PubMed]
  53. Ulcova-Gallova Z, Krauz V, Novakova P, Milicho-vska L, Micanova Z, Bibkova K, et al. Anti-phospho-lipid antibodies against phosphatidylinositol, and phos-phatidylserine are more significant in reproductive failure than antibodies against cardiolipin only. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2005;54(2):112-7.   [PubMed]
  54. Stern C, Chamley L, Hale L, Kloss M, Speirs A, Baker HW. Antibodies to beta2 glycoprotein I are associated with in vitro fertilization implantation failure as well as recurrent miscarriage: results of a prevalence study. Fertil Steril. 1998;70(5):938-44.   [PubMed]
  55. Matsubayashi H, Arai T, Izumi S, Sugi T, McIntyre JA, Makino T. Anti-annexin V antibodies in patients with early pregnancy loss or implantation failures. Fertil Steril. 2001;76(4):694-9.   [PubMed]
  56. Thum MY, Bhaskaran S, Abdalla HI, Ford B, Sumar N, Shehata H, et al. An increase in the absolute count of CD56dimCD16+CD69+ NK cells in the peripheral blood is associated with a poorer IVF treatment and pregnancy outcome. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(10):2395-400.   [PubMed]
  57. Rai R, Sacks G, Trew G. Natural killer cells and rep-roductive failure--theory, practice and prejudice. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(5):1123-6.   [PubMed]
  58. Hasegawa I, Tani H, Takakuwa K, Goto S, Yamada K, Kanazawa K. A new lymphocyte serotyping using cytotoxic antibodies from secondary recurrent aborters and its application in cases of recurrent abortion and infertility. Fertil Steril. 1991;55(5):906-10.   [PubMed]
  59. Creus M, Balasch J, Fabregues F, Martorell J, Boada M, Penarrubia J, et al. Parental human leukocyte anti-gens and implantation failure after in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(1):39-43.   [PubMed]
  60. Varla-Leftherioti M, Keramitsoglou T, Spyropoulou-Vlachou M, Papadimitropoulos M, Kontopoulou-Anto-nopoulou V, Tsekoura C, et al. 14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop: report from the repro-ductive immunology component. Tissue Antigens. 2007;69 Suppl 1:297-303.   [PubMed]
  61. Barnhart K, Dunsmoor-Su R, Coutifaris C. Effect of endometriosis on in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2002;77(6):1148-55.   [PubMed]
  62. Kuivasaari P, Hippelainen M, Anttila M, Heinonen S. Effect of endometriosis on IVF/ICSI outcome: stage III/IV endometriosis worsens cumulative pregnancy and live-born rates. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(11):313-50.   [PubMed]
  63. Tomassetti C, Meuleman C, Pexsters A, Mihalyi A, Kyama C, Simsa P, et al. Endometriosis, recurrent mis-carriage and implantation failure: is there an immuno-logical link?. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006;13(1):58-64.   [PubMed]
  64. Gomes FM, Navarro PA, de Abreu LG, Ferriani RA, Dos Reis RM, de Moura MD. Effect of peritoneal fluid from patients with minimal/mild endometriosis on progesterone release by human granulosa-lutein cells obtained from infertile patients without endometriosis: A pilot study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;138(1):60-5.   [PubMed]
  65. Garrido N, Navarro J, Remohi J, Simon C, Pellicer A. Follicular hormonal environment and embryo quality in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update. 2000;6(1):67-74.   [PubMed]
  66. Savaris RF, Giudice LC. The influence of hydro-salpinx on markers of endometrial receptivity. Semin Reprod Med. 2007;25(6):476-82.   [PubMed]
  67. Zeyneloglu HB, Arici A, Olive DL. Adverse effects of hydrosalpinx on pregnancy rates after in vitro fertili-zation-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril. 1998;70(3):492-9.   [PubMed]
  68. Meyer WR, Castelbaum AJ, Somkuti S, Sagoskin AW, Doyle M, Harris JE, et al. Hydrosalpinges adversely affect markers of endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod. 1997;12(7):1393-8.   [PubMed]
  69. Kiefer DG, Check JH. Salpingectomy improves out-come in the presence of a unilateral hydrosalpinx in a donor oocyte recipient: a case report. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2001;28(2):71-2.   [PubMed]
  70. Demirol A, Gurgan T. Effect of treatment of intra-uterine pathologies with office hysteroscopy in patients with recurrent IVF failure. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004;8(5):590-4.   [PubMed]
  71. Ballesteros Manzo A, Barros Delgadillo JC, Ochoa Rueda S, Villalobos Acosta S, Barroso Villa G, Sanchez Solis V, et al. Effect of intramural and subserous myomas on in vitro fertilization cycles and their perinatal results. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2006;74(1): 55-65.   [PubMed]
  72. Khalaf Y, Ross C, El-Toukhy T, Hart R, Seed P, Braude P. The effect of small intramural uterine fibroids on the cumulative outcome of assisted concep-tion. Hum Reprod. 2006;21(10):2640-4.   [PubMed]
  73. Vimercati A, Scioscia M, Lorusso F, Laera AF, Lam-anna G, Coluccia A, et al. Do uterine fibroids affect IVF outcomes?. Reprod Biomed Online. 2007;15(6): 686-91.   [PubMed]
  74. Horne AW, Critchley HO. The effect of uterine fibro-ids on embryo implantation. Semin Reprod Med. 2007; 25(6):483-9.   [PubMed]
  75. Weckstein LN, Jacobson A, Galen D, Hampton K, Hammel J. Low-dose aspirin for oocyte donation reci-pients with a thin endometrium: prospective, rando-mized study. Fertil Steril. 1997;68(5):927-30.   [PubMed]
  76. Sher G, Fisch JD. Effect of vaginal sildenafil on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) after multiple IVF failures attributed to poor endometrial develop-ment. Fertil Steril. 2002;78(5):1073-6.   [PubMed]
  77. Ledee-Bataille N, Olivennes F, Lefaix JL, Chaouat G, Frydman R, Delanian S. Combined treatment by pen-toxifylline and tocopherol for recipient women with a thin endometrium enrolled in an oocyte donation programme. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(5):1249-53.   [PubMed]
  78. Friedler S, Margalioth EJ, Kafka I, Yaffe H. Treatable uterine cause for in-vitro fertilisation failures. Lancet. 1993;341(8854):1213.   [PubMed]
  79. Barash A, Dekel N, Fieldust S, Segal I, Schechtman E, Granot I. Local injury to the endometrium doubles the incidence of successful pregnancies in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2003;79 (6):1317-22.   [PubMed]
  80. Coulam CB, Goodman C. Increased pregnancy rates after IVF/ET with intravenous immunoglobulin treat-ment in women with elevated circulating C56+ cells. Early pregnancy (Online). 2000;4(2):90-8.   [PubMed]
  81. Coulam CB, Krysa LW, Bustillo M. Intravenous immunoglobulin for in-vitro fertilization failure. Hum Reprod. 1994;9(12):2265-9.   [PubMed]
  82. Elram T, Simon A, Israel S, Revel A, Shveiky D, Laufer N. Treatment of recurrent IVF failure and human leukocyte antigen similarity by intravenous immunoglobulin. Reprod Biomed Online. 2005;11(6): 745-9.   [PubMed]
  83. Stephenson MD, Fluker MR. Treatment of repeated unexplained in vitro fertilization failure with intrave-nous immunoglobulin: a randomized, placebo-controll-ed Canadian trial. Fertil Steril. 2000;74(6):1108-13.   [PubMed]
  84. Balasch J, Creus M, Fabregues F, Font J, Martorell J, Vanrell JA. Intravenous immunoglobulin preceding in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer for patients with repeated failure of embryo transfer. Fertil Steril. 1996; 65(3):655-8.   [PubMed]
  85. Clark DA, Coulam CB, Stricker RB. Is intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) efficacious in early pregnan-cy failure? A critical review and meta-analysis for patients who fail in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF). J Assist Reprod Genet. 2006;23(1):1-13.   [PubMed]
  86. Steck T. Immunotherapy for prevention of abortion and for improving implantation in extracorporeal fertilization. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie. 2001;123 (6):357-60.   [PubMed]
  87. Ando T, Suganuma N, Furuhashi M, Asada Y, Kondo I, Tomoda Y. Successful glucocorticoid treatment for patients with abnormal autoimmunity on in vitro ferti-lization and embryo transfer. J Assist Reprod Genet. 1996;13(10):776-81.   [PubMed]
  88. Taniguchi F. Results of prednisolone given to improve the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in women with antinuclear antibodies. J Reprod Med. 2005;50(6):383-8.   [PubMed]
  89. Geva E, Amit A, Lerner-Geva L, Yaron Y, Daniel Y, Schwartz T, et al. Prednisone and aspirin improve pregnancy rate in patients with reproductive failure and autoimmune antibodies: a prospective study. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2000;43(1):36-40.   [PubMed]
  90. Urman B, Mercan R, Alatas C, Balaban B, Isiklar A, Nuhoglu A. Low-dose aspirin does not increase im-plantation rates in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a prospective randomized study. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2000;17(10):586-90.   [PubMed]
  91. Rai R, Cohen H, Dave M, Regan L. Randomised controlled trial of aspirin and aspirin plus heparin in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies (or antiphospholipid anti-bodies). BMJ. 1997;314(7076):253-7.   [PubMed]
  92. Fiedler K, Wurfel W. Effectivity of heparin in assisted reproduction. Eur J Med Res. 2004;9(4):207-14.   [PubMed]
  93. Worldwide collaborative observational study and meta-analysis on allogenic leukocyte immunotherapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion. Recurrent Mis-carriage Immunotherapy Trialists Group. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1994;32(2):55-72.   [PubMed]
  94. Coulam CB, Stephenson M, Stern JJ, Clark DA. Immunotherapy for recurrent pregnancy loss: analysis of results from clinical trials. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1996;35(4):352-9.   [PubMed]
  95. Carp HJ, Toder V, Mashiach S, Rabinovici J. Effect of paternal leukocyte immunization on implantation after biochemical pregnancies and repeated failure of embryo transfer. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1994;31(2-3):112-5.   [PubMed]
  96. Wurfel W, Fiedler K, Krusmann G, Smolka B, von Hertwig I. Improving treatment outcome by Leuko-Norm Cytochemia in patients with multiple, failed IVF or ICSI treatment cycles. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie. 2001;123(6):361-5.   [PubMed]
  97. Surrey ES, Silverberg KM, Surrey MW, Schoolcraft WB. Effect of prolonged gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone agonist therapy on the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in patients with endomet-riosis. Fertil Steril. 2002;78(4):699-704.   [PubMed]
  98. Sallam HN, Garcia-Velasco JA, Dias S, Arici A. Long-term pituitary down-regulation before in vitro fertilization (IVF) for women with endometriosis. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2006(1):CD004635.   [PubMed]
  99. Huang HY, Lee CL, Lai YM, Chang MY, Chang SY, Soong YK. The outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer therapy in women with endometriosis failing to conceive after laparoscopic conservative surgery. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparoc. 1997;4(3):299-303.   [PubMed]
  100. Adamson GD. Laparoscopy, in vitro fertilization, and endometriosis: an enigma. Fertil Steril. 2005;84(6): 1582-4.   [PubMed]
  101. Littman E, Giudice L, Lathi R, Berker B, Milki A, Nezhat C. Role of laparoscopic treatment of endomet-riosis in patients with failed in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril. 2005;84(6):1574-8.   [PubMed]
  102. Matalliotakis IM, Cakmak H, Mahutte N, Fragouli Y, Arici A, Sakkas D. Women with advanced-stage endometriosis and previous surgery respond less well to gonadotropin stimulation, but have similar IVF implantation and delivery rates compared with women with tubal factor infertility. Fertil Steril. 20007;88(6): 1568-72.   [PubMed]
  103. Hill JA, Barbieri RL, Anderson DJ. Immuno-suppressive effects of danazol in vitro. Fertil Steril. 1987;48(3):414-8.   [PubMed]
  104. Strandell A, Lindhard A, Waldenstrom U, Thorburn J, Janson PO, Hamberger L. Hydrosalpinx and IVF outcome: a prospective, randomized multicentre trial in Scandinavia on salpingectomy prior to IVF. Hum Reprod. 1999;14(11):2762-9.   [PubMed]
  105. Takahashi K, Mukaida T, Tomiyama T, Goto T, Oka C. GnRH antagonist improved blastocyst quality and pregnancy outcome after multiple failures of IVF/ICSI-ET with a GnRH agonist protocol. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2004;21(9):317-22.   [PubMed]
  106. Kadoch IJ. Natural cycle IVF (nIVF) in women with implantation failure. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod. 2004;33(1 Pt 2):S33-5.   [PubMed]
  107. Ledee-Bataille N, Dubanchet S, Kadoch J, Castelo-Branco A, Frydman R, Chaouat G. Controlled natural in vitro fertilization may be an alternative for patients with repeated unexplained implantation failure and a high uterine natural killer cell count. Fertil Steril. 2004; 82(1):234-6.   [PubMed]
  108. Munne S. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis and human implantation-a review. Placenta. 2003;24 Suppl B:S70-6.   [PubMed]
  109. Wilding M, Forman R, Hogewind G, Di Matteo L, Zullo F, Cappiello F, et al. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for the treatment of failed in vitro ferti-lization-embryo transfer and habitual abortion. Fertil Steril. 2004;81(5):1302-7.   [PubMed]
  110. Taranissi M, El-Toukhy T, Gorgy A, Verlinsky Y. Influence of maternal age on the outcome of PGD for aneuploidy screening in patients with recurrent implan-tation failure. Reprod Biomed Online. 2005;10(5):628-32.   [PubMed]
  111. Wilton L, Voullaire L, Sargeant P, Williamson R, McBain J. Preimplantation aneuploidy screening using comparative genomic hybridization or fluorescence in situ hybridization of embryos from patients with recurrent implantation failure. Fertil Steril. 2003;80(4) 86-8.   [PubMed]
  112. Balaban B, Urman B, Alatas C, Mercan R, Mumcu A, Isiklar A. A comparison of four different techniques of assisted hatching. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(5):1239-43.   [PubMed]
  113. Chao KH, Chen SU, Chen HF, Wu MY, Yang YS, Ho HN. Assisted hatching increases the implantation and pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET), but not that of IVF-tubal ET in patients with repeated IVF failures. Fertil Steril. 1997; 67(5):904-8.   [PubMed]
  114. Nakayama T, Fujiwara H, Yamada S, Tastumi K, Honda T, Fujii S. Clinical application of a new assisted hatching method using a piezo-micromanipulator for morphologically low-quality embryos in poor-prog-nosis infertile patients. Fertil Steril. 1999;71(6):1014-8.   [PubMed]
  115. Magli MC, Gianaroli L, Ferraretti AP, Fortini D, Aicardi G, Montanaro N. Rescue of implantation potential in embryos with poor prognosis by assisted zona hatching. Hum Reprod. 1998;13(5):1331-5.   [PubMed]
  116. نیک زاد حسین، اصغرزاده اکبر علی، نصر اصفهانی محمدحسین، شفيعي مهرنوش، میانه ساز الهه. بررسی ارتباط میزان حاملگی با Assisted hatching در بیماران IVF شده. فيض. 1386;11(1)، صفحات: 39-44.
  117. Edi-Osagie EC, Hooper L, McGinlay P, Seif MW. Effect(s) of assisted hatching on assisted conception (IVF & ICSI). Cochrane database Sys Rev. 2003:(4) CD001894.   [PubMed]
  118. Valojerdi MR, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Karimian L, Ash-tiani SK. Effect of laser zona pellucida opening on clinical outcome of assisted reproduction technology in patients with advanced female age, recurrent implan-tation failure, or frozen-thawed embryos. Fertil Steril. 2007;21.   [PubMed]
  119. Primi MP, Senn A, Montag M, Van der Ven H, Mandelbaum J, Veiga A, et al. A European multicentre prospective randomized study to assess the use of assisted hatching with a diode laser and the benefit of an immunosuppressive/antibiotic treatment in different patient populations. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(10):2325-33.   [PubMed]
  120. Asch RH. Uterine versus tubal embryo transfer in the human. Comparative analysis of implantation, preg-nancy and live-birth rates. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991; 626:461-6.   [PubMed]
  121. Levran D, Mashiach S, Dor J, Levron J, Farhi J. Zygote intrafallopian transfer may improve pregnancy rate in patients with repeated failure of implantation. Fertil Steril. 1998;69(1):26-30.   [PubMed]
  122. Farhi J, Weissman A, Nahum H, Levran D. Zygote intrafallopian transfer in patients with tubal factor infertility after repeated failure of implantation with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril. 2000; 74(2):390-3.   [PubMed]
  123. Habana AE, Palter SF. Is tubal embryo transfer of any value? A meta-analysis and comparison with the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology data-base. Fertil Steril. 2001;76(2):286-93.   [PubMed]
  124. Dale B, Fiorentino A, de Simone ML, di Matteo L, di Frega AS, Wilding M, et al. Zygote versus embryo transfer: a prospective randomized multicenter trial. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2002;19(10):456-61.   [PubMed]
  125. Aslan D, Elizur SE, Levron J, Shulman A, Lerner-Geva L, Bider D, et al. Comparison of zygote intra-fallopian tube transfer and transcervical uterine embryo transfer in patients with repeated implantation failure. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;122(2):191-4.   [PubMed]
  126. Alyasin A, Agha Hossinei M, Khademi A, Saeidi Saeidabady H. Evaluation of factors influencing GIFT and comparison of GIFT and IVF results at infertility center of Shariati hospital during 1376-78. J Reprod Infertil. 2000;1(4):20-6.
  127. Yeung WS, Lau EY, Chan ST, Ho PC. Coculture with homologous oviductal cells improved the implan-tation of human embryos-a prospective randomized control trial. J Assist Reprod Genet.1996;13(10):762-7.   [PubMed]
  128. Quinn P, Margalit R. Beneficial effects of coculture with cumulus cells on blastocyst formation in a prospective trial with supernumerary human embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet. 1996;13(1):9-14.   [PubMed]
  129. Menezo YJ, Sakkas D, Janny L. Co-culture of the early human embryo: factors affecting human blasto-cyst formation in vitro. Microsc Res Tech. 1995;32(1): 50-6.   [PubMed]
  130. Freeman MR, Whitworth CM, Hill GA. Granulosa cell co-culture enhances human embryo development and pregnancy rate following in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod. 1995;10(2):408-14.   [PubMed]
  131. Schillaci R, Ciriminna R, Cefalu E. Vero cell effect on in-vitro human blastocyst development: preliminary results. Hum Reprod. 1994;9(6):1131-5.   [PubMed]
  132. Bongso A, Ng SC, Fong CY, Ratnam S. Cocultures: a new lead in embryo quality improvement for assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril. 1991;56(2):179-91.   [PubMed]
  133. Simon C, Mercader A, Garcia-Velasco J, Nikas G, Moreno C, Remohi J, et al. Coculture of human emb-ryos with autologous human endometrial epithelial cells in patients with implantation failure. J Clin Endo-crinol Metab. 1999;84(8):2638-46.   [PubMed]
  134. Van Blerkom J. Development of human embryos to the hatched blastocyst stage in the presence or absence of a monolayer of Vero cells. Hum Reprod. 1993;8(9): 1525-39.   [PubMed]
  135. Sakkas D, Jaquenoud N, Leppens G, Campana A. Comparison of results after in vitro fertilized human embryos are cultured in routine medium and in cocul-ture on Vero cells: a randomized study. Fertil Steril. 1994;61(3):521-5.   [PubMed]
  136. Jayot S, Parneix I, Verdaguer S, Discamps G, Aude-bert A, Emperaire JC. Coculture of embryos on homo-logous endometrial cells in patients with repeated failures of implantation. Fertil Steril. 1995;63(1):109-14.   [PubMed]
  137. Spandorfer SD, Pascal P, Parks J, Clark R, Veeck L, Davis OK, et al. Autologous endometrial coculture in patients with IVF failure: outcome of the first 1,030 cases. J Reprod Med. 2004;49(6):463-7.   [PubMed]
  138. Barmat LI, Liu HC, Spandorfer SD, Kowalik A, Mele C, Xu K, et al. Autologous endometrial co-culture in patients with repeated failures of implan-tation after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. J Assist Reprod Genet. 1999;16(3):121-7.   [PubMed]
  139. Shapiro BS, Richter KS, Harris DC, Daneshmand ST. Dramatic declines in implantation and pregnancy rates in patients who undergo repeated cycles of in vitro fertilization with blastocyst transfer after one or more failed attempts. Fertil Steril. 2001;76(3):538-42.   [PubMed]
  140. Guerif F, Bidault R, Gasnier O, Couet ML, Gerve-reau O, Lansac J, et al. Efficacy of blastocyst transfer after implantation failure. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004;9(6):630-6.   [PubMed]
  141. Levitas E, Lunenfeld E, Har-Vardi I, Albotiano S, Sonin Y, Hackmon-Ram R, et al. Blastocyst-stage embryo transfer in patients who failed to conceive in three or more day 2-3 embryo transfer cycles: a prospective, randomized study. Fertil Steril. 2004;81 (3):567-71.   [PubMed]
  142. Cruz JR, Dubey AK, Patel J, Peak D, Hartog B, Gindoff PR. Is blastocyst transfer useful as an alter-native treatment for patients with multiple in vitro fertilization failures?. Fertil Steril.1999;72(2):218-20.   [PubMed]
  143. حاجي مقصودي فاطمه، داور رباب. نتايج مربوط به Total Fertilization Failure در سيكل‌هاي IVF و ميكرواينجكشن. دانشگاه علوم پزشکي و خدمات بهداشتي درماني شهيد صدوقي يزد. 1379;8(3)، صفحات:62-7.
  144. Yoeli R, Orvieto R, Ashkenazi J, Shelef M, Ben-Rafael Z, Bar-Hava I. Comparison of embryo quality between intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization in sibling oocytes. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2008;25(1):23-8.   [PubMed]
  145. Akhondi, MM, Ghaffari M, Ashrafi M, Sh.Tehrani E, Moeini A, Madani T, et al. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of one and two day(s)-old oocytes after complete in vitro fertilization (IVF) failare. J Reprod Infertil. 2000;1(3):23-9.
  146. Shkeri J, Hosseini M, Golshani S, Sadeghi Kh, Fizollahi V. Assessment of general health, stress coping and marital satisfaction in infertile women undergoing IVF treatment. J Reprod Infertil.2006;7(3):269-75.
  147. Yassini M, Khalili MA, Hashemian Z. The Level of Anxiety and Depression Among Iranian Infertile Couples Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization or Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles. J Res Med Sci.2005;10(6):358-62.   [Abstract]
  148. Boivin J. A review of psychosocial interventions in infertility. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57(12):2325-41.   [PubMed]
  149. De Liz TM, Strauss B. Differential efficacy of group and individual/couple psychotherapy with infertile patients. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(5):1324-32.   [PubMed]

COPE
SID
NLM
AJMB
IJBMLE
IJBMLE

Home | About Us | Current Issue | Past Issues | Submit a Manuscript | Instructions for Authors | Subscribe | Search | Contact Us

"Journal of Reproduction & Infertility" is owned, published, and managed by Avicenna Research Institute .
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution –NonCommercial 4.0 International License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

Journal of Reproductoin and Infertility (JRI) is a member of COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS . Verify here .

©2024 - eISSN : 2251-676X, ISSN : 2228-5482, For any comments and questions please contact us.