JRI 

A Theory of Rights

Vol. 10, Issue 4, / January-March 2010
(pages 299-316)

Mohammad Rasekh Corresponding Author
1- Department of Public Law and Philosophy of Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2- Bio Law and Ethics Department, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

Received: 9/6/2009 Accepted: 12/9/2009 - Publisher : Avicenna Research Institute

Related Articles
in Google Scholar
in PubMed

 

Other Format
pdfFull Text (En)
pdfFull Text (Fa)
pdfAbstract (En)
pdfAbstract (Fa)
pdfePUB (En)
pdfBibTeX
pdfRefMan
pdfEndNote
xmlPMC XML
online readerPMC Reader
online readerHBIs XML

 


Abstract

"Rights" constitute one of the most fundamental and significant concepts within the scope of law and bioethics. The theory of rights relies on two key concepts of "dignity" and "moral agency" of human beings. In other words, rights become important whenever human dignity and the individuals moral agency are at risk. Rights are composed of secured claims that override other normative claims on one hand, and they are instrumentalistic, individualistic, minimalistic and morally indifferent entities on the other hand. On this basis, rights are resorted in order to serve values and principles of justice and in case they are met, a limited and, of course, minimal part of the territory of justice is covered.This paper tries to explore and discuss the theory of rights and lay bare the point that elements of philosophy of rights are integratively connected.


Keywords: Bioethics, Dignity, Justice, Law, Minimalistic, Right


To cite this article:


References

  1. Gewirth A. Human rights: essays on justification and applications. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1982.
  2. Gallie WB. Essentially contested concepts. Proceed-ings of the Aristotelian Society. 1956;56:167-98.
  3. Nietzsche F. On the genealogy of morals. London: Vintage Books; 1967. p. 80.
  4. Jones P Rights. London: Macmillan; 1994. Chapters 1-2.
  5. Rasekh M. Rights for "ends": towards an equality- based integrative theory of "rights justification", "persons" and "rights demarcation" [dissertation]. [Manchester]: University of Manchester; 1998. Chapter 2.
  6. Flew A. The politics of Procrustes. London: Routledge; 1981.
  7. Rees J. Equality. London: Pall Mall; 1971.
  8. Sen A. Inequality reexamined. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; 1992.
  9. Freeden M. Rights. Minneapolis: University of Manchester Press; 1991. Chapter 2.
  10. Dagger R. Rights. In: Ball T, Farr J, Hanson RL, editors. Political innovation and conceptual change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1989. p. 298-301.
  11. Griffin J. Discrepancies between the best philo-sophical account of human rights and the inter-national law of human rights. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 2001;CI (1):3.
  12. Dworkin R. Foundations of liberal equality. In: The tanner lectures on human values. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press; 1990.
  13. Montazeri HA. Legal rulings of Grand Ayatollah Montazeri on the political legitimacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran [Internet]. Qum: Mohsen Kadivar; 2009 July 10 [updated 2009 November 13; cited 2009 December 29]. Available from: http://www. kadivar.com/Index.asp?DocId=2333&AC=1&AF=1&ASB=1&AGM=1&AL=1&DT=dtv
  14. Kant I. Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. Gregor MI, translator. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-versity Press; 1996. 4: 440.
  15. O'Neill O. Autonomy: the emperor's new clothes. In: The Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume LXXVII. London: Blackwell; 2003. p. 1-21.
  16. Kant I. Fundamental principles of the metaphysic of ethics. 10th ed. Abbot TK, translator. London: Longmans; 1969.
  17. Acton HB. Kant's moral philosophy. London: Macmillan. 1970.
  18. Paton HJ. The moral law: Kant's Groundwork of the metaphysic of morals. London: Hutchison; 1976.
  19. Korsgaard CM. The sources of normativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996.
  20. Collinson S. Up to Four Million Trapped in Global Slave Trade. Iran News. 2002 Saturday June 8, p. 7.
  21. Kramer M. Rights without trimming. In: Kramer MH, Simmonds NE, Steiner H, editors. A debate over rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1998. p. 76.
  22. Arendt H. The origins of totalitarianism. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; 1968. p. ix.
  23. Mill JS. On liberty and other essays. Edited with an introduction by John Gray. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1991.
  24. Feinberg J. Harm to Others, The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law, Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford Univer-sity Press; 1984.
  25. Dworkin R. Rights and Interests. The New York Review of Books 4. 1971:44-45.
  26. Dworkin R. Taking rights seriously. 4th Impression ed. London: Duckworth; 1984.
  27. Dowrkin R. Liberalism. In: Hampshire S, editor. Public and private morality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1978.
  28. Kramer M. Rights without trimming. In: Kramer MH, Simmonds NE, Steiner H, editors. A debate over rights: Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1998. p. 101.
  29. Simmonds NE. Rights at the Cutting Edge. In: Kramer MH, Simmonds NE, Steiner H, editors. A debate over rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1998. p. 118.Simmonds NE. Rights at the Cutting Edge. In: Kramer MH, Simmonds NE, Steiner H, editors. A debate over rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1998. p. 118.
  30. Loughlin M. The idea of public law. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003. Chapter 7.
  31. Brownlie I. Basic documents on human rights. 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1998. p. 23 & 127.
  32. Robertson AH, Merrills JG. Human rights in the world: an introduction to the study of the international protection of human rights. 4th ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1996. Chapter 2, p. 36-7.
  33. Steiner HJ, Alston P. International human rights in context: law, politics, morals. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1996.
  34. Brownlie I. Basic documents on human rights. 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1998. p. 22.
  35. Rawls J. A theory of justice. Revised ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. Preface.
  36. Peach L. Legislating morality. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002. p. 7.
  37. Griffin J. Discrepancies between the best philo-sophical account of human rights and the inter-national law of human rights. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 2001; p. 4-5.
  38. Steiner H. The Natural Right to Equal Freedom. Mind. 1974;lxxxiii:194-210.
  39. Dworkin R. What is equality? Part 3: The place of liberty. Iowa Law Review. 1987;73:1-54.
  40. Rasekh M. The public interest. Paper presented at: Theories of Justice Course; 1998; University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  41. Dworkin R. What is equality? Part 2: Equality of Resources. Philosophy and Public Affairs. 1987; 10(4):283-345.
  42. Ehrlich E. Fundamental principles of the sociology of law. Moll WL, translator. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; 1936. p. 81-2.
  43. Raz J. On the nature of rights. Mind. 1984;XCIII: 194-214.
  44. Dworkin R. The threat to patriotism. The New York Review of Books [Internet]. 2002:8. Available from: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/ 15145.
  45. Rawls J. A theory of justice. Revised ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. Chapter 2.
  46. Rasekh M. Rights for "ends": towards an equality-based integrative theory of "rights justification", "persons" and "rights demarcation" [dissertation]. [Manchester]: University of Manchester; 1998. Chapter 4.
  47. Dworkin R. The threat to patriotism. The New York Review of Books [Internet]. 2002:7. Available from: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/ 15145.
  48. Loughlin M. Sword & Scales: An examination of the relationship between law & politics. Oxford: Hart Publishing; 2000. Chapter 13.
  49. Montazeri HA. Reply to Mrs. [Mehrangiz Kar's Letter and a Note on Current Affairs] [Internet]. 1982. Available from: http://news.gooya.com/ 2002/08/09/0908-03.php. Persian.
  50. Waldron J. A right to do wrong. Ethics.1981;92: 21-39.
  51. Waldron J. Theories of Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1986.
  52. Ross WD. The Right and the Good. Oxford: Clarendon; 1930.
  53. Steiner H. An essay on rights. Oxford: Blackwell; 1994. Chapter 6.
  54. Aristotle. The Nicomachean ethics. Rakham H, translator. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1968. Book 5.
  55. Campbell T. Justice. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan Press Ltd; 2001. p. 49.
  56. Rasekh M. Rights as building blocks of justice. In: 2nd conference on human rights and dialogue among civilizations; 2003; Qom, Mofid University.
  57. Rasekh M. Self or others? A word on dilemma of human rights culture and the culture of love. Paper Presented at: International Symposium on Oriental Culture and Human Rights; 2002; Beijing, China.
  58. Hobbes T. Leviathan [1651], ed. R. Tuck. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996. p. 111.
  59. Cotterrell R. The Sociology of Law: An Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Butterworths; 1992.
  60. Cotterrell R. Law and community: A new relation-ship? In: Freeman M. Legal theory at the end of the millennium. London: Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 367-91.
  61. James S. Rights as enforceable claims. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 2003;Part II:133.
  62. Wellman C. The proliferation of rights: moral progress or empty rhetoric? Colorado: Westview Press; 1999. Chapter 7.

COPE
SID
NLM
AJMB
IJBMLE
IJBMLE

Home | About Us | Current Issue | Past Issues | Submit a Manuscript | Instructions for Authors | Subscribe | Search | Contact Us

"Journal of Reproduction & Infertility" is owned, published, and managed by Avicenna Research Institute .
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution –NonCommercial 4.0 International License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

Journal of Reproductoin and Infertility (JRI) is a member of COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS . Verify here .

©2024 - eISSN : 2251-676X, ISSN : 2228-5482, For any comments and questions please contact us.