- Masoumeh Mahmoudi Meymand
 - - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
- Mohsen Morowati
- - Department of Pesticide Research, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Mahmoud Ghazi Khansari
- - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
- Batool Nasrollazadeh
- - Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
- Bagher Minaie
- - Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
Received: 4/1/2002 Accepted: 4/1/2002 - Publisher : Avicenna Research Institute |
|
| Related Articles |
|
| Other Format |
|
|
|
Abstract
Nowadays uses of synthetic pesticides has caused a lot of environmental problems. For this reason there is an effort to replace them with biopesticides. One of these ways is the use of plant bioproducts. Various studies on Azadirachta indica (Neem) have proven that the seed extract of this plant has reversible infertility and spontaneous abortion properties. In this study we are trying to determine the effective dose of its seed extract for sterility of rodent pests. In this survey, 24 male wistar rats with 4-5 months old (weighing about 150-200 grams) were selected randomly. They were divided into 4 subgroups each containing 6 rats. The Neem extract (Neem Azal 1%) was fed to 3 groups by gavage for six days. The first group was fed with water and others were fed with Neem extract (5mg/kg, 15mg/kg and 25mg/kg respectively). Hematological parameters were determined on 4th and 9th day of the experiment. On the 10th day two animals from each group were dissected for histological study of testes. Remaining animals were tested for fertility with fertile female rats. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups. After observing reproduction in female rats, these groups were excluded from study. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups in their hematological parameters except for MCH and hemoglobin on 4th (P<0.001 , p<0.01 respectively) and 9th day (p<0.05) and wbc on 9th day (p<0.05) in third group, which showed an increase. there were no significant differences between serum testosterone levels. in group which received 15 mg g extract, reproduction occurred after 60 days (reproduction cycle in rats is 20-23 days). in group which received 25mg g extract, half of the animals died due to high doses of neem extract and in the remaining half, reproduction occurred after 3 months. histological results of testes indicated abnormality in spermatogenesis and sperms production in some of the semniferous tubules. therefore after 60-90 days and repair of injured cells, reproduction is observed again. base on the results of this study it seems that we can use neem seed extract as an anti-fertility agent, considering its cost benefit ratio and suitable formulation, we can use it as rodent baits to control harmful agricultural rodents. in this way we have a new method of controlling deleterious rodents.< pan>
Keywords:
Neem (Azadirachta indica), Anti-fertility, Spermatogenesis, Spermatozoa, Pesticide, Rat To cite this article:References
- Singleton G.R., Hinds L.A., Herwig L., et al.Ecologically-based management of rodent pests. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Reaserch, Canberra. 1999.
- Randhawa N.S., Parmar B.S. Neem. Research and Development, Society of Pesticide Science, India. New Dehli Agricultural Research Institue. 1993; pp 283.
- Gogati S.S., Marathe A.D. Anti –viral effect of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) extracts on chinkungunya and measles viruses. J Res Edu Indian Med. 1989; 8: 1-5.
- Singh N., Sastry M.S. Anti-microbial activity of neem oil. Indian J Pharmacol. 1981; 13:102.
- Kher A., Chaurasia S.C. Anti-fungal activity of essential oils of three medicinals plants. Indian Drug. 1997; 15:41- 2.
- Fujiwara T., Takeda T., Ogihara Y., et al. Studies on the structure of polysaccharides from bark of Melia Azadirachta. Chem Pharm Bull. 1982; 30: 4025- 30.
- Lal R., Sankarnaryanan A., Mathur V.S., et al. Antifertility effect of neem oil in female albino rats by intra vaginal and oral routes. Indian J Med Res. 1986; 83: 89- 92.
- Mukherjee S., Garge S., Talwar G.P. Early post implantation contraceptive effects of a purified fraction of neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds, given orally in rats: possible mechanisms involved. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 67: 287- 96.
- Parshad O., Singh P., Gardner M., et al. Effect of aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) extract on testosterone and other blood constituents in male rats. Med J. 1994; 43: 71- 4.
- Talwar G.P., Shah S., Mukherjee S., et al. Induced termination f pregnancy by purified extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem): mechanisms involved. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1997; 37: 485- 91.
- Raizada R.B., Srivastava M.K., Kaushal R.A., et al. Azadirachtin, a neem biopesticide: subchronic toxicity assessment in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2001; 39: 477- 83.
- Krause W., Adami M. Extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernels do not inhibit spermatogenesis in the rat. In: Proc 2nd Intl Neem Conf Rauischholzhausen Fed Rep Germany. 1983; 483- 789.
- Garge S., Doncel G., Chabra S., et al. Synergistic spermicidal activity of neem seed extract, reetha saponins and quinine hydrochloride. Contraception. 1994; 50: 185- 90. 14-Sander F.V., Cramer S. D. A practical method of testing the spermicidal action of chemical contraceptives. Hum Fertil. 1941; 6: 134.
- Sander F.V., Cramer S. D. A practical method of testing the spermicidal action of chemical contraceptives. Hum Fertil. 1941; 6: 134.
- Sinha K.C., Riar S.S., Tiwary R.S., et al. Neem oil as a vaginal contraceptive. Indian J Med Res. 1984; 79:131- 6.
- Shaikh P.D. Studies on the antifertility effect of Azadirachta indica leaves on the testis of albino rats. M Phil Dissertation. Karnataka University, Dharwad, India. 1990.
- Awasthy K.S. Genotoxity of a crude leaf extract of neem in male germ cells of mice. Cytobios. 2001; 106: 151- 64.