- Amir Hossein Khodaparast
- - Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Sanaz Sharifi
- - Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Ali Reza Milanifar
- - Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Zohreh Behjati Ardakani
- - Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
Received: 9/21/2010 Accepted: 1/5/2011 - Publisher : Avicenna Research Institute |
|
Related Articles |
|
Other Format |
|
|
|
Abstract
Embryo donation is one of assisted reproductive technologies used in the past few decades. Application of this technology, like any other novel biomedical service, has raised certain moral, religious, legal and social concerns. This paper deals with moral / philosophical concerns involved in embryo donation technology, taking into account the “general moral challenges concerning embryo donation”, “moral problems arising during the process of donation” and “moral problems appearing after donation”, and attempts to critically evaluate them. As a preliminary conclusion, utilizing embryo donation technology could be morally justifiable provided that certain moral and professional constraints are observed and probable abuses are prevented.
Keywords:
Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Embryo donation, Infertility, Legal, Moral To cite this article:References
- Gensler HJ. Ethics: A contemporary introduction. 1st ed. Bahreini H, translator. Tehran: Asemane Khial; 2008. p. 32-3.
- Kochi University Repository [Internet]. Japan: MIT and Hewlett-Packard; 2002-2007. What is applied ethics? The Activities of the Centre for Applied Ethics of University of British Columbia; 1996 Dec 24 [cited 2011 feb 27]; [about 10 screens]. Available from: https://ir.kochi-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/1012 6/1013/1/H045-07.pdf
- Rasekh M, Khodaparast AH. The scope of bioethics. J Reprod Infertil. 2010;11(4):275-94.
- Akhondi MA, Behjati Ardakani Z, Arefi S. [Natural fertilization and the importance of third party reproduction in infertility treatment]. In: A group of authors. Essays on gamete and embryo donation in infertility treatment. Tehran: Samt; 2007. p. 27-31. Persian.
- Behjati Ardakani Z, Akhondi MA, Milanifar A, Modaberi Saber Y. [Counseling, evaluation and screening of donor and recipient in third party reproducetion and the matching process]. In: A group of authors. Essays on gamete and embryo donation in infertility treatment. Tehran: Samt; 2007. p. 64. Persian.
- Pence GE. Classic cases in medical ethics. 1st ed. Vol. 2. Habibi P, translator. Tehran: Research Center of Medical Ethics; 1994. p. 16-64.
- Paxson H. With or against nature? IVF, gender and reproductive agency in Athens, Greece. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(9):1853-66.
- The Official Website of Naraghi Arash [Internet]. California: [publisher unknown]; [On Sexual Minorities]; [cited 2011 Feb 27]; [28 pages]. Available from: http://arashnaraghi.org/articles/minorities.pdf. Persian.
- Hospers J. Introduction to philosophical analysis. 1st ed. Akrami M, translator. Tehran: Tarhe No; 2005. p. 255-61.
- Plato. Laws In: Plato complete works. Lotfi MH, translator. Tehran: Kharazmi; 2001. p. 2140-2.
- Human Family Foundation [Internet]. [place unknown: RC Net]; IVF violates human dignity; [cited 2011 Feb 27]; [about 5 screens]. Available from: http://www.rc.net/org/humanfamily/ivf.html
- Kant I. Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. In: Gregor MJ, editor. Practical philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996. p. 73.
- Kant I. Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. In: Gregor MJ, editor. Practical philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996. p. 80.
- Kant I. Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. In: Gregor MJ, editor. Practical philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996. p. 74.
- Moore KA. Embryo adaption: The legal and moral challenges. St. Thomas’J Law Public Policy. 2007; 1:116-7.
- The Holy See [Internet]. Vatican: Vatican Publishing House; Instruction on the respect for life in its origin and on the dignity of procreation replies to certain questions of the day; 1987 Feb 22 [cited 2011 Feb 27]; [about 22 screens]. Available from: http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19870222_respect-for-human-life_en.html
- Islami SH. [Human cloning in Catholicism and Islam]. Qom: The University of Religions and Denominations; 2007. p. 218. Persian.
- Mander WJ. God and personality. Heythrop J. 1997;38(4):401-12.
- Izutsu T. Creation and the timeless order of things: Essays in Islamic mystical philosophy. 1st ed. Kaviani Sh, translator. Tehran: Scientific & Cultural Publications Compony; 2001. p.15-90.
- Eisenberg VH, Schenker JG. Pre-embryo donation: ethical and legal aspects. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1998;60(1):51-7.
- Farhadi Y, Mousavi Jarrahi A, Haqiqi Z. [Ethical standards in medical research]. 1st ed. Tehran: National Research Center of Medical Sciences; 2004. p. 33-4. Persian.
- Etchells E, Sharpe G, Walsh P, Williams JR, Singer PA. Bioethics for clinicians: 1. Consent. CMAJ. 1996;155(2):177-80.
- Aramesh K. [Assessment of practical implications of the principles of medical ethics in gamete and embryo donation]. In: A group of authors. Essays on gamete & embryo donation in infertility treatment. Tehran: Samt; 2007. p. 328-30. Persian.
- Larijani B, Zahedi F. Ethical issues in gamete and embryo donation. Res Ethics Sci Technol. 2008;1 (1):3-5.
- Shidfar F, Sadeghi S. [To give or sell human gametes- The ethical view]. In: A group of authors. Essays on gamete & embryo donation in infertility treatment. Tehran: Samt; 2007. p. 390-3. Persian.
- Law and Bioethics Department, Avicenna Research Institute; [Sex selection]. In: Hamneshast. Tehran: Avicenna Research Institute; 2009. p. 35-9. Persian.
- Asghari F. [Ethical issue in prenatal sex selection]. In: A group of authors. Essays on gamete & embryo donation in infertility treatment. Tehran: Samt; 2007. p. 342.
- Shenfield F, Steele SJ. What are the effects of anonymity and secrecy on the welfare of the child in gamete donation? Hum Reprod. 1997;12(2):392-5.
- Safai H. [The shortcomings of Iranian law on the donation of gametes and embryos (comparative study)]. In: A group of authors. Essays on gamete & embryo donation in infertility treatment. Tehran: Samt; 2007. p. 83-9. Persian.
- Mahallati Sh. A study on the legal vacuum regarding child’s rights. 1st ed. Tehran: Women's Socio-Cultural Council; 2005. p. 157-8.
- Sadeghi M, Mazaheri MA. [Aspect of parent- child relationship in gamete donation]. In: A group of authors. Essays on gamete & embryo donation in infertility Treatment. Tehran: Samt; 2007. p. 97-8. Persian.
- Baran A, Lifton BJ. Adoption. In: Post SG, editors. Encyclopedia of bioethics. New York: Thomson: Macmillan Reference US; 2005. p. 68-74.
- Rasekh M. The problem of abortion: Jurisprudential or philosophical? ICMR. 2005;16(3):251-64.