The enhancement rate of immunity to rubella in pregnant women in Ahwaz city during 1988-98

Ghafourian Boroujerdnia, Mehri

The enhancement rate of immunity to rubella in pregnant women in Ahwaz city during 1988-98

Vol. 2, Issue 2, / April-June 2001
(Original Article, pages 14-21)

Mehri Ghafourian Boroujerdnia: - Department of Immunology, Ahwaz Medical Science University, Ahvaz, Iran

Received: 1/18/2001 Accepted: 5/16/2001 - Publisher : Avicenna Research Institute

Other Format

Abstract

Rubella is a viral and acute disease which can be observed in children and adults by symptoms such as lymphoid glands inflammation and dermatitis. Its public health importance is related to teratogenic effects of primary rubella in first trimester of pregnancy. Infection in this period of pregnancy causes various anomalies such as cataract, glaucoma, deafness, coronary-vascular disease, pneumonia, encephalitis, bone damage, blood disorders, interference with the function of endocrine glands and low weight birth. In order to compare the rate of immunity to rubella in pregnant women of Ahwaz city during 1988-98, 550 serum samples were collected and assessed for anti-rubella antibody by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and ELIZA methods. The results showed that the immunity to rubella virus has been increased from 78% to 92% during this decade. Therefore with presence of high immunity of pregnant women to rubella virus, public vaccination against rubella is not recommended in Ahwaz city.

Keywords: Rubella, Pregnancy, Immunity, Vaccination, Congenital Rubella, Congenital anomaly

To cite this article:

Ghafourian Boroujerdnia M. The enhancement rate of immunity to rubella in pregnant women in Ahwaz city during 1988-98. J Reprod Infertil. 2001;2(2):14-21.

References

Braunwald F., Wilson I., Kasper M., et al. Principles of internal Medicine, 14th Edition. 1998; 1:1125-7.
Hosking C.S., Pyman C., Wilkins. The never deaf child-intrauterine rubella or not? Arch Dis Child. 1983; 58(5):327-9.
Givens, K.T., Lee D.A., Jones T., et al. Congenital rubella syndrome: Ophthalmic manifestation and associated systematic disorders. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993; 77(6):358-63.
Yoshimura M., Tohyama J., Maegaki Y., et al. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in congenital rubella syndrome.No To Hattatsu. 1996; 28(5):385-90.
Mc Intosh E.D., Menser M.A. A fifty-year follow up of congenital rubella. Lacent. 1992; 15 (340):414-5.
Samsygina G.A., Pakuleu A.B. Thrombocytopenia in congenital rubella. Pediatriia. 1991; 1:83-5.
Stoermer J., Galal O., Arafa R., et al. A rare combination: persistent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary stenoses, is there a correlation with rubella embryopathy? Klin Padiatr. 1989; 201(1):28-32.
Khoury M.J., Becerra J.E., Cordero, et al. Clinical-epidemiological assessment of pattern of birth defects associated with human teratogens: application to diabetic embryopathy. Pediatrics. 1989; 84(4):658-65.
Saebi E. Infectious diseases in Iran: Viral diseases. Tehran.1993. 675-95.
Ulstrup J.C., Skaug K., Stray-Pedersen B., et al. A rubella epidemic in an unvaccinated pregnant population. Scan J Infect Dis. 1981; 13(2): 83-8.
Plotkin S.A. Birth and death of congenital rubella syndrome. JAMA. 1984; 251 (15):2003-4.
Orenstein W.A., Bart K.J., Hinman A.R., et al. The opportunity and obligation to eliminate rubella from the United States. J Am Med Ass. 1984; 251:1988-94.
Saad-de-Owens C., Tristan-de-Espino R. Rubella in Panama: Still a problem. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989; 8(2):110-5.
Cutts F.T., Robertson S.E., Diass-Ortiga J.L., et al. Control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in developing countries, part 1: burden of disease form CRS. Bull WHO.1997; 75(1):55-68.
Skendzel L.P. Rubella immunity, defining the level of protective antibody. Am J Clin Pathol. 1996;106 (2):170-4.
Stewart G.L., Parkman P.D., Hopps H.E., et al. Rubella-Virus hemagglutination inhibition test. N Eng J Med. 1967; 276(10):554-7.
Cradock-Watson J.E. Laboratory diagnosis of rubella: past present and future. Epidemiol Infect. 1991; 107:1-15.
Voller A. A simple method for detecting antibodies to rubella. Br J Exp Pathol. 1975; 56:338.
Kasupski G.J., Lo P.L., Gobin G., et al. Clinical evaluation of the ortho rubella ELISA test system. Am J Clin Pathol. 1984; 81(2):230-2.
Toyoda M., Ihara T., Nakano T., et al. Expression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha and CD45RD antigen on T lymphocytes cultured with rubella virus antigen, compared with humoral immunity in rubella vaccines.Vaccine. 1999; 17(15-16):205-2059.
Yadav S., Gupta S., Kumari S. Seroprevalence of rubella in women of reproductive age.Indian J pathol Microbiol. 1995; 38(2):139-42.
Saidi S. Epidemiological survey of rubella immunity in Iran. Bull WHO. 1972;46: 536-563.
Nafarabadi M, Nategh R. Evaluation of immune status to rubella in women 25-18 years old, Tehran, and a method of vaccination. Iran J Health. 1972;9(1-4):15.
Nategh R, Modares Sh. The Seroepidemiology of Immunity to rubella virus in the girls 20-15 years old in Tehran high schools. 1985. Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Nategh R, Ebrahimpour. Evaluation of rubella immune status in women 15-18 years old, East Azarbaijan. J Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 1985;1:27.
Ghafourian MB, Pakzad P. Evaluation of rubella in pregnant women and children with congenital rubella in Khuzestan. J Ahvaz Univ Med Sci. 1995;19:56.
Nikpey R. Prevalence of anti-rubella antibody-negative pregnant women referred gynecology clinics of Ahvaz in 1998. Medical Dissertation. Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.
Pougatcheve S.O., Abernathy E.S., Vzorov A.N., et al. Development of a rubella virus DNA vaccine. Vaccine. 1999; 17(15-16): 2104-12.
Topolovec J. Effect of vaccination on immune status in pregnancy. Lijec Vjesn. 1999; 121(3):73-8.
Miller C., Miller E., Begg N., et al. Rubella vaccination policy: a note of reassurance (letter). Lancet. 1987; 2: 210.
Aksit S., Egemen A., Ozacar T., et al. Rubella seroprevalence in unvaccinated population in Izmir. pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18(7): 577-80.
Van-der-Heijden O.G., Conyn–van-spaendnck, M.A., Plantinga A.D., et al. A model-based evaluation of the national immunization program against rubella infection and congenital rubella syndrome in the Netherlands. Epidemiol Infect. 1998; 121(3): 653-71.
Ukkonen P. Rubella immunity and morbidity impact of different vaccination programs in Finland 1979-92. Scand J Infect Dis. 1996; 28(1): 31-5.
Leogrande G. The epidemiology of rubella virus infection in a large city of Southern Italy. Int J Clin Lab Res. 1993; 23(3):151-8.
Zuffery J., Jacqier P., Chappuis S., et al. Seropravalence of rubella among women of childbearing age in Switzerland. Eur J Clin Microbial Infect Dis. 1995; 14(8): 691-2.
Jennifer M.B., Best J.M., Welch J.M., et al. Maternal rubella at St. Thomos Hospital. 1978; 11(2):88-90.
Leads from the MMWR: Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome United states. JAMA. 1983-84; (15): 252, 1995-6.
Chan P.K., Li C.Y., Tam J.S., et al. Rubella immune status among healthcare workers in the department of vaccination policy. J Hosp Infect. 1999; 42(3):239-42.
Valenzuela M.T., Vega J., et al. Immune status against measles and rubella among 4 children groups of different ages. Rev Med Chil. 1999; 127(3):359-65.
Aksit S., Timocin A., Turpculu A. Rubella immune status among healthcare workers in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a regional hospital in Hong Kong: the need for a vaccination policy. J Hosp Infect. 1999; 42(3): 239-42.