JRI 

Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Pregnant Women

Vol. 10, Issue 2, / July-September 2009
(pages 121-128)

Soghra Khezerdoust
- Vali-e- Asar Reproductive Health Research Center,Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
Fedyeh Haghollahi Corresponding Author
- Vali-e- Asar Reproductive Health Research Center,Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
Samin Roostaie
- Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Naser Badami
- Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
- Vali-e- Asar Reproductive Health Research Center,Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
Mina Jafarabadi
- Vali-e- Asar Reproductive Health Research Center,Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 3/16/2009 Accepted: 6/21/2009 - Publisher : Avicenna Research Institute

Related Articles
in Google Scholar
in PubMed

 

Other Format
pdfFull Text (En)
pdfFull Text (Fa)
pdfAbstract (En)
pdfAbstract (Fa)
pdfePUB (En)
pdfBibTeX
pdfRefMan
pdfEndNote
xmlPMC XML
online readerPMC Reader
online readerHBIs XML

 


Abstract

Introduction: Chlamydial infections are the most common sexually transmitted diseases with highest rates of morbidity in different societies. Chlamydia trachomatis is a known causative agent for premature rapture of membranes (PROM), preterm labor, miscarriage, low birth weight and neonatal death, and forms a copious burden of disease in many countries. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, outcome and risk factors of chlamydial infections.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was done on 1114 pregnant women in their 11th to 32nd week of gestation who attended the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences during March 2007 to March 2009. Serum levels of IgG anti-chlamydial antibody were measured by ELIZA method, upon taking a thorough medical history.Results: Positive results for chlamydia IgG were seen in 2.9% of the cases. Chlamydia infection was 2.3 times greater in multiparous women compared to primigravids, (95% CI, 1.1- 4.8). Chorioamnionitis and neonatal death were respectively 4.7 (p=0.027) and 11.6 (p=0.008) times more prevalent in IgG-positive group compared to women without the infection.Conclusion: A relatively low prevalence of chlamydial infection was observed in the studied population. Further studies in different groups of pregnant women, especially in cases attending private health sector, are recommended to be done in order to justify the necessity of routine Chlamydia screening in pregnancy and the obligation for preventive care measurements in Iranian pregnant women.


Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis, Complications, Neonatal death, Pregnancy, Serology, Sexually transmitted infection


To cite this article:



Figures, Charts, Tables





References

  1. Paavonen J, Eggert-Kruse W. Chlamydia trachomatis: impact on human reproduction. Hum Reprod Update. 1999;5(5):433-47.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Workows-ki KA, Berman SM. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-11):1-94.   [PubMed]
  3. Gerbase AC, Rowley JT, Heymann DH, Berkley SF, Piot P. Global prevalence and incidence estimates of selected curable STDs. Sex Transm Infect. 1998;74 Suppl 1:S12-6.   [PubMed]
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Chlamydia screening among sexually active young female enrollees of health plans--United States, 2000-2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58(14): 362-5.   [PubMed]
  5. Chamani-Tabriz L, Tehrani MJ, Akhondi MM, Mosavi-Jarrahi A, Zeraati H, Ghasemi J, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in Iranian women attending obstetrics and gynaecology clinics. Pak J Biol Sci. 2007;10(24):4490-4.   [PubMed]
  6. Bakhtiari A, Firoozjahi A. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women attending health centres in Babol: prevalence and risk factors. East Mediterr Health J. 2007;13(5):1124-31.   [PubMed]
  7. Fallah F, Kazemi B, Goudarzi H, Badami N, Doostdar F, Ehteda A, et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis from urine specimens by PCR in women with cervicitis. Iran J Public Health. 2005;34(2):20-6.   [Abstract]
  8. Salari MH, Badami N. The rate of Chlamydia tracho-matis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyti-cum in females with habitual abortion and its compari-son with control group. Acta Med Iran. 2002;40(2):73-8.   [Abstract]
  9. Zaeimi Yazdi J, Khorramizadeh MR, Badami N, Kaze-mi B, Aminharati F, Eftekhar Z, et al. Comparative assessment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Iranian women with cervicitis: A cross-sectional study. Iran J Public Health. 2006;35(2):69-75.   [Abstract]
  10. Low N, Bender N, Nartey L, Shang A, Stephenson JM. Effectiveness of chlamydia screening: systematic review. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38(2):435-48.   [PubMed]
  11. Jeddi Tehrani M. [Diagnosis methods of Clamydia trachomatis]. J Reprod Infertil. 1999;1(1):36-43. Persian.
  12. de la Torre E, Mulla MJ, Yu AG, Lee SJ, Kavathas PB, Abrahams VM. Chlamydia trachomatis infection modulates trophoblast cytokine/chemokine production. J Immunol. 2009;182(6):3735-45.   [PubMed]
  13. Euroimmun AG. Infections during pregnancy: new decision support tools from the serological laboratory [Internet]. Lübeck: Euroimmun AG; 1987 Sept [updated 2009 April 16]. Available from: http://www. euroimmun.com/index.php.
  14. Chen MY, Fairley CK, De Guingand D, Hocking J, Tabrizi S, Wallace EM, et al. Screening pregnant women for chlamydia: what are the predictors of infection? Sex Transm Infect. 2009;85(1):31-5.   [PubMed]
  15. Chamani Tabriz L, Jeddi Tehrani M, Zeraati H, Asgari S, Moini M, Rabbani H, et al. [Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women reffered to obstetrics & gyneocologic clinic in Tehran. Iran J Infect Dis Trop Med. 2008;13(41):45-50. Persian.
  16. Chen XS, Yin YP, Chen LP, Thuy NT, Zhang GY, Shi MQ, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Fuzhou, China. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33(5):296-301.   [PubMed]
  17. Kirk E, Bora S, Van Calster B, Condous G, Van Huffel S, Timmerman D, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients attending an Early Pregnancy Unit: prevalence, symptoms, pregnancy location and via-bility. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(6):601-7.   [PubMed]
  18. Sullivan EA, Abel M, Tabrizi S, Garland SM, Grice A, Poumerol G, et al. Prevalence of sexually trans-mitted infections among antenatal women in Vanuatu, 1999-2000. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30(4):362-6.   [PubMed]
  19. Shankar M, Dutta R, Gkaras A, Tan B, Kadir RA, Economides D. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and bacterial vaginosis in women presenting to the early pregnancy unit. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;26(1): 15-9.   [PubMed]
  20. Shimano S, Nishikawa A, Sonoda T, Kudo R. Analy-sis of the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 6083 pregnant women at a hospital in Otaru, Japan. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2004;30(3):230-6.   [PubMed]
  21. Geisler WM, James AB. Chlamydial and gonococcal infections in women seeking pregnancy testing at family-planning clinics. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 198(5):502.
  22. Yasodhara P, Ramalakshmi BA, Naidu AN, Raman L. Prevalence of specific IGM due to toxoplasma, rubella, CMV and c.trachomatis infections during pregnancy. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2001;19(2):52-6.   [PubMed]
  23. Sawhney MP, Batra RB. Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity during pregnancy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2003;69(6):394-5.   [PubMed]
  24. Behroozi R, Badami N. [The prevalence of Chla-mydia infection among pregnant women referred to prenatal clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in the year 1994: a pilot study]. J Mazandaran Med Sci. 1999;9:26-31. Persian.
  25. Pawlowska A, Niemiec KT, Filipp E, El Midaoui A, Scholz A, Marianowska S, et al. Chlamydia tracho-matis infection in pregnant women hospitalised in the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Poland. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2005;9(1):21-6.   [PubMed]
  26. Kucinskiene V, Sutaite I, Valiukeviciene S, Milasaus-kiene Z, Domeika M. Prevalence and risk factors of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Medicina (Kaunas). 2006;42(11):885-94.   [PubMed]
  27. Hiltunen-Back E, Haikala O, Kautiainen H, Paavonen J, Reunala T. A nationwide sentinel clinic survey of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Finland. Sex Transm Dis. 2001;28(5):252-8.   [PubMed]
  28. Cliffe SJ, Tabrizi S, Sullivan EA. Chlamydia in the Pacific region, the silent epidemic. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35(9):801-6.   [PubMed]
  29. Leszczy?ska-Gorzelak B, Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Borowiec-Blinowska A, Oleszczuk J. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2005;9(1):27-35.   [PubMed]
  30. Rastogi S, Das B, Mittal A. Serum IgM to Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy: its usefulness for screening. Br J Biomed Sci. 2002;59(1):30-4.   [PubMed]
  31. Chamani Tabriz L, Jeddi Tehrani M, Mosavi-Jarrahi A, Zeraati H, Ghasemi J, Asgari S, et al. [The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection by molecular analysis of urine samples in women attending OB & GYN clinics in Tehran]. J Reprod Infertil. 2006;7(3):234-242. Persian.
  32. Mikhova M, Ivanov S, Nikolov A, Mitov I, Iordanov D, Uzunova V, et al. [Cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm delivery]. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2007;46(9):27-31. Bulgarian.   [PubMed]
  33. Ostaszewska-Puchalska I, Wilkowska-Trojniel M, Zdrodowska-Stefanow B, Knapp P. Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women with adverse pregnancy outcome. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2005;9(1): 49-56.   [PubMed]
  34. Mitsui M, Tsukahara Y. [STD and mother to child transmission]. Nippon Rinsho. 2009;67(1):177-84. Japanese.   [PubMed]
  35. Blas MM, Canchihuaman FA, Alva IE, Hawes SE. Pregnancy outcomes in women infected with Chla-mydia trachomatis: a population-based cohort study in Washington State. Sex Transm Infect. 2007;83(4):314-8.   [PubMed]
  36. Mardh PA. Influence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis on pregnancy outcome, infant health and life-long sequelae in infected offspring. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2002;16(6):847-64. Review.   [PubMed]
  37. Sheiner E, Katz M. Chlamydial infections in obstet-rics and gynaecology in Israel. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2005;9(1):37-42. Review.   [PubMed]
  38. Ryan GM Jr, Abdella TN, McNeeley SG, Baselski VS, Drummond DE. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy and effect of treatment on outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;162(1): 34-9.   [PubMed]
  39. Martin DH, Koutsky L, Eschenbach DA, Daling JR, Alexander ER, Benedetti JK, et al. Prematurity and perinatal mortality in pregnancies complicated by maternal Chlamydia trachomatis infections. JAMA. 1982;247(11):1585-8.   [PubMed]
  40. Zhang C, Zhu D, Guo X. [A study on ways of intrauterine infection of chlamydia trachomatis]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2002;37(3):149-51. Chinese.   [PubMed]
  41. Djukic S, Nedeljkovic M, Pervulov M, Ljubic A, Radunovic N, Lazarevic B. Intra-amniotic Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;42 (2):109-12.
  42. Bax CJ, Mutsaers JA, Jansen CL, Trimbos JB, D?rr PJ, Oostvogel PM. Comparison of serological assays for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in different groups of obstetrical and gynecological patients. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003;10(1):174-6.   [PubMed]
  43. Morré SA, Munk C, Persson K, Krüger-Kjaer S, van Dijk R, Meijer CJ, et al. Comparison of three commercially available peptide-based immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA assays to microimmunofluorescence assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(2):584-7.   [PubMed]
  44. Numazaki K. Serological tests for Chlamydia tracho-matis infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11(1):228-9.   [PubMed]
  45. Honey E, Augood C, Templeton A, Russell I, Paavonen J, Mardh PA, et al. Cost effectiveness of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis: a review of published studies. Sex Transm Infect. 2002;78(6):406-12.   [PubMed]

COPE
SID
NLM
AJMB
IJBMLE
IJBMLE

Home | About Us | Current Issue | Past Issues | Submit a Manuscript | Instructions for Authors | Subscribe | Search | Contact Us

"Journal of Reproduction & Infertility" is owned, published, and managed by Avicenna Research Institute .
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution –NonCommercial 4.0 International License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

Journal of Reproductoin and Infertility (JRI) is a member of COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS . Verify here .

©2024 - eISSN : 2251-676X, ISSN : 2228-5482, For any comments and questions please contact us.