JRI 

An epidemiological study of toxoplasma infection among high- school girls in Jolfa

Vol. 6, Issue 3, / July-September 2005
(pages 261-269)

Esmaeil Fallah Corresponding Author
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran
Reza Navazesh
- Social Welfare's Laboratory, Jolfa, Iran
Jafar Majidi
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran
Hossein Kushavar
- Department of Statistic & Epidemiology Faculty of Health & Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Nasrin Mahdipourzareh
- Department of Internal Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran

Received: 7/1/2005 Accepted: 7/1/2005 - Publisher : Avicenna Research Institute

Related Articles
in Google Scholar
in PubMed

 

Other Format
pdfFull Text (En)
pdfFull Text (Fa)
pdfAbstract (En)
pdfAbstract (Fa)
pdfePUB (En)
pdfBibTeX
pdfRefMan
pdfEndNote
xmlPMC XML
online readerPMC Reader
online readerHBIs XML

 


Abstract

Introduction: Considering the remarkable prevalence of toxoplasma parasite in the world and the possi-bility of abortion, premature labor and congenital anomalies of the fetus in infected mothers, identification of non-immune women to toxoplasma parasite is necessary. Therefore, determining the prevalence rate and titration of anti-toxoplasma antibodies before pregnancy is a beneficial step in determining the rate of positive cases and the relation of these positive cases to a series of epidemiological variables of infection such as age, keeping cats, eating underdone or rare meat, educational status, etc enable us to decrease the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis and its side- effects. Considering different side-effects of toxoplas-mosis, such as abortion, premature labor, pathological changes of the CNS, etc, prevention of congenital infection is essential. One way for the prevention of infection in susceptible groups, especially women in their fertility years (14 to 45-year-olds) is by health education. One of the special objectives of this study was the identification of serum-negative girls in one of east Azerbaijan regions, to be used for planning in providing necessary education and taking precautions for its prevention. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected by random sampling from 1000 high- school girls in Jolfa during 10 months in 2003-2004 and were examined by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). In this study, titers of 1:20 and higher were considered positive. Then a questionnaire was prepared and information such as previous contacts with cats, previous histories of eating raw meat and raw liver were gathered. Chi-square (2) test was used for determining the relation between epidemiological findings of infection and antibody titers. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence rate of anti-toxoplasma IgG antibody by indirect immunofluorescence test was determined 21.8%. The individuals' titers by indirect immunofluorescence tests, were 1:20 to 1:100, for 198 people (91.8%) and the titers >1:100 for 20 people (2%) and the highest percentage of infection was in those who kept cats at home (37.5%) and students who had general symptoms of the disease (fever, lymph-adenopathy and dermal rashes) (37.7%). Chi-square test indicated that there was a significant statistical correlation between infection and contact with cats, eating raw liver and disease symptoms (p<0.001 ), but this correlation was not significant with age, knowledge on disease, eating raw food, keeping domestic ani-mals at home and student s parent s jobs. conclusion: results of this study indicate that 78.2% of people in this community were serum negative; this means that they had not acquired any immunity against the infection, so there is the probability for their newborns to become toxoplasmic. the researchers suggest that tests for toxoplasmosis identification be included in the compulsory tests before pregnancy and health education of mothers be emphasized to prevent birth of infants with congenital anomalies.< pan>


Keywords: Epidemiology, Toxoplasmosis, High-school girl students, Cat, Raw liver, Pregnancy, Prevention, Indirect immunofluorescence test


To cite this article:


References

  1. Cohen S. Immunology of parasitic serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Blackwell Scientific.1976; pp: 50-54.
  2. Remington J.S., Mcleod R., Desmonts G. Toxoplas-mosis. Remington- Kelin infectious disease of fetus and newborn infant. 4th Edition, Saunders.1995; pp: 140-267.
  3. Peter G. Toxoplasma gondii infection in red book report of the committee on infectious disease. 14th Edition.1997; pp: 531-535.
  4. غروي محمد جواد. بررسي سرولوژيك و پارازيتولوژيك و پاتولوژيك توكسوپلاسموز مادرزادي. پايان نامه جهت اخذ مدرك دكتراي انگل‌شناسي، دانشگاه تربيت مدرس.1370.
  5. آسمار مهدي، اسماعيلي احمدرضا، هوانسيان آرپي. بررسي مرگ‌هاي جنيني توكسوپلاسمايي در استان مازندران. خلاصه مقالات هشتمين كنگره بيماري‌هاي عفوني و گرمسيري ايران، تهران. 1378، صفحه 850 .
  6. كشاورز وليان حسين، زارع رنجبر مهدي. توكسوپلاسموز در زنان آبستن و انتقال آن به جنين در شهرستان رفسنجان. مجله علمي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي گيلان. سال دوم (1372)، شماره 6 و7، صفحات: 28- 32.
  7. شريف مهدي، عجمي ابواقاسم. بررسي سرولوژيکي توکسوپلاسموز در خانمها با سابقه سقط يا مرگ جنين مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه‌هاي زنان شهرستان ساري. مجله علمي-پـژوهشـي دانشگاه علـوم پـزشکـي مـازندران. سـال 10 (1379)،شماره 26، صفحات: 18-13.
  8. Raquel Coelho A.L. Kobayashi M., Carvalho L.B. Jr. Prevalence of IgG antibodies specific to Toxoplasma gondii among blood donors in Recife. Northeast Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo.2003; 45(4): 229-234.
  9. صائبي اسماعيل. بيماري‌هاي انگلي در ايران. چاپ ششم، مؤسسه فرهنگي- انتشاراتي حيان، (1377)، صفحات: 241-251.
  10. Jones J.L., Ogunmodede F., Schftel J., Kirkland E. Toxoplasmosis-related knowledge and practices among pregnant women in the United States. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol.2003; 11(3): 139-145.
  11. Segundo G.R., Silva D.A., Mineo J.R., Ferreira M.S. Congenital toxoplasmosis in Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. J Tropical Pediatrics.2004; 50(1): 50-55.
  12. Hill D., Dubey J.P. Toxoplasma gondii transmission. Diagno prevent.2002;10(8):634.
  13. ذوقي اسماعيل. توکسوپلاسموز در انسان و حيوان. جلد اول. چي‌چي دوبي. چاپ اول، نشر فرهنگ اسلامي تهران (1372)، صفحات: 92-120.
  14. Markell E.K., John D.T., Krotoski W.A.Medical Para-sitology. 8th Edition Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co. 1999;pp:161-171.
  15. Hoghooghi Rad N., Afraa M. Prevalence of toxo-plasmosis in humans and domestic animals in Ahvaz, Capital of khoozestan province, south-west Iran. J Trop Med Hyg.1993; 96(3): 163-8.
  16. Bahia Olivera L.M., Jones J.I., Alves C.C., Orefice F., Addiss D.G. Highly endemic water borne toxoplas-mosis in north Riodejaneiro state. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9(1):55-62.
  17. امير زرگر علي اكبر، افرا منيژه. بررسي تيتر IgM، IgG سرم عليه توکسو پلاسما گوندي دربيماران مشکوک به توکسو پلاسموز، مجله پزشکي اروميه: سال 9 (1377)، شماره 3، صفحات: 124-129.
  18. Roider M.H., Berthonneau J., Bourgoin A. Seropre-valences of toxoplasma, malaria, rubella, CMV, HIV and treponemal infections among pregnant women in cotonou, Republic of Benin. Acta Trop. 1995; 59(4): 271-277.
  19. Cunningham F.G., MacDonald P.C., Gant N.F. Willi-ams obstetrics, 20th Edition, Stamford, Appleton and Lange.1997;pp:1309-1310.
  20. Jeannel D., Niel G., Costagliola D., Danis M. Traore B.M., Gentilini M. Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the Paris area. Int J Epi-demiol.1989; 17(3): 595-602.
  21. Mozart L., Procaine R.S. Incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in southern Brazil: A prospective study. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo.2003;45(3):147-51.
  22. Olliaro P. Congenital toxoplasmosis. Clin Evid. 2002; 5(2): 680-3.
  23. شكرابي مهدي، خانعلي خديجه. بررسي سرولوژيك توكسوپلاسما در خانم‌هاي معرفي شده جهت ازدواج با استفاده از روش اليزا و فلورسانس غيرمستقيم. مجله تشخيص آزمايشگاهي. سال اول (1378)، شماره 5، صفحات: 31- 33.
  24. كاميابي زهرا، عطارپور منيژه. بررسي سرواپيدميولوژيك آنتي‌بادي‌هاي ضد توكسوپلاسما در خانم‌هاي مراجعه كننده جهت مشاوره ازدواج در شهرستان كرمان، مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشكي كرمان: سال 6 (1378)، شماره 3، صفحات: 127- 133.
  25. Athari D.V. Seroprevalence of toxoplasma antibodies among pregnant women in Kermanshah. Med J Islamic Rep. Ir.1373;(sum): 93-96.
  26. پيشوا ابتهاج، بشردوست نصراله. تعيين بروز توكسوپلاسموز مادرزادي در زنان باردار (خلاصه). چهارمين كنگره بين المللي ايمونولوژي و آلرژي در ايران. اصفهان، ارديبهشت 1377، صفحات: 27- 33.
  27. سلطان محمدزاده محمدصادق، كشاورز حسين، محبعلي مهدي، هلاكويي نائيني كوروش، عرشي شهنام. بررسي سرواپيدميولوژيكعفونت توكسوپلاسما در ساكنين شهر مشكين شهر، استان اردبيل. مجله دانشكده بهداشت و انستيتو تحقيقات بهداشتي: سال اول (1381)، شماره چهارم، صفحات: 57- 70.
  28. عجمي ابواقاسم، شريف مهدي، صفار محمد جعفر، ضيايي هاجر. بررسي سرولوژي توكسوپلاسموزيس در خانم‌هاي معرفي شده جهت انجام آزمايشات قبل از ازدواج در استان مازندران در سال 1378. مجله علمي- پژوهشي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي مازندران: سال 11 (1380)، شماره 31، صفحات: 51- 56.
  29. فلاح اسماعيل، مرتضوي جاويد، ملجايي سيد هادي، مهدي پورزارع نسرين، كريمي نژاد اصل مهدي. تعيين ميزان شيوع توكسوپلاسموز در بيماري‌هاي بدخيم با روش ايمونوفلورسانس غيرمستقيم. مجله پزشكي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي و خدمات بهداشتي- درماني تبريز: (1382)، شماره 60، صفحات: 45-49.
  30. شاهمرادي احمد. سرواپيدميولوژي توکسوپلاسموز در مراجعان به مراکز بهداشتي شهرستان رودسر. فصلنامه علمي پژوهشي دانشگاه شاهد: (1376)، شماره 15 و 16، صفحات: 7-11.
  31. عطائيان علي، تدين پروين، هانيلو علي، تاران حسين، مهرگان فرزاد، عزيزي عباس. سرواپيدميولوژي توکسوپلاسموز در مراجعين به بيمارستان حکيم هيدجي زنجان. مجله علمي دانشکده علوم پزشکي و خدمات بهداشتي- درماني استان زنجان (1379). شماره 32، صفحات: 4-11.
  32. Grossman A.M. Viral infection. 17th Edition, Nor-walk, Appleton- Century- Crofts.1982; pp: 702-707.
  33. Mohan B., Dubey M.L., Malla N., Kumar R. Seroepi-demiological study of toxoplasmosis in different sec-tions of population of Union Territory of Chandigarh. J Commun Dis.2002; Mar; 34(1): 15-22.
  34. Yang H.J., Jin K.N., Park Y.K., Hong S.C., Bae J.M., Lee S.H., Choi H.S., Hwang H.S., Chung Y.B., Lee N. S., Nam H.W. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the residents of Cheju island, Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 2000;38(2):91-93.
  35. Taylor M.R., Lennon B., Holland C.V., Cafferkey M. Community study of toxoplasma antibodies in urban and rural schoolchildren aged 4 to 18 years. Arch Dis Child.1997; 77(5): 406-9.
  36. قرباني مهدي. اصول تشخيص و درمان توكسوپلاسموز. خلاصه مقالات دومين كنگره سراسري بيماري‌هاي انگلي ايران: 1376، صفحات: 56، 116-119، 159،161.
  37. Dubey J.P.A. Review of toxoplasmosis in pigs. Vet Parasitol.1990; 19:181-223.
  38. بهفر نگين. بررسي درصد آلودگي و جداسازي سويه انساني و حيواني توكسوپلاسماگوندي در اصفهان و استقرار آن در آزمايشگاه. پايان نامه دكتراي داروسازي، دانشگاه علوم پزشكي اصفهان،1370.
  39. Mandell G.L., Bennet J.E., Dolin R. Bennett. Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease. 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone.2000; pp: 2858-2881.
  40. Kasper L.H. Toxoplasma infection. Harrison's prin-ciples of internal medicine. 15th Edition. McGraw-Hill. 2001; pp: 1222-1226.

COPE
SID
NLM
AJMB
IJBMLE
IJBMLE

Home | About Us | Current Issue | Past Issues | Submit a Manuscript | Instructions for Authors | Subscribe | Search | Contact Us

"Journal of Reproduction & Infertility" is owned, published, and managed by Avicenna Research Institute .
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution –NonCommercial 4.0 International License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

Journal of Reproductoin and Infertility (JRI) is a member of COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS . Verify here .

©2024 - eISSN : 2251-676X, ISSN : 2228-5482, For any comments and questions please contact us.